From: Subject: ePSO Newsletter Date: Sun, 17 Sep 2006 22:44:59 +0200 MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: multipart/related; boundary="----=_NextPart_000_001D_01C6DAAA.E7A12130"; type="text/html" X-MimeOLE: Produced By Microsoft MimeOLE V6.00.2800.1807 This is a multi-part message in MIME format. ------=_NextPart_000_001D_01C6DAAA.E7A12130 Content-Type: text/html; charset="iso-8859-1" Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Content-Location: http://web.archive.org/web/20010408181553/http://epso.jrc.es/newsletter/vol03/4.html ePSO Newsletter

[Back to Table = of=20 Contents]

[3&4] E-Purses and Chip Cards in the=20 Netherlands=20

Simon Lelieveldt = (simonl@wxs.nl),=20 Amsterdam, the Netherlands

/Netherlands/e-purse/multifunctionality/interoperability/competi= tion

In the Netherlands fierce = competition has lead=20 to a rapid distribution of two e-purse schemes. The functionality = of the=20 two schemes is described with an additional focus on = interoperability and=20 the most successful usage segments for e-purses/chip cards in the=20 future.

In the Netherlands, 20 million = debit cards=20 with chips have been issued by the Dutch banks. 13 million of = those cards,=20 issued by a group of 67 banks, contain the electronic purse by the = name of=20 Chipknip (launched in October 1996). The remaining 7 million are = so-called=20 Chippers, issued since the launch in July 1997, by the 6 banks = that are=20 part of the ING Group. Of these 6 banks the Postbank, with its = customer=20 base of more than 6 million, is the largest issuer.

The purse functionality of both = schemes is=20 identical in terms of maximum loading amount (227 euro) and the=20 impossibility to transfer freely between users. Both schemes have = national=20 coverage and are not ready (nor meant) for international use. The = purses=20 are reloadable, a pilot with a non-reloadable purse is currently = taking=20 place. Both chip cards are multifunctional. Not only do they allow = for=20 e-purse payments, they can also be used as part of an = authentication=20 mechanism for making payments over the Internet. Some slight = differences=20 exist as to the non-financial service options (a phone book, = loy-alty=20 schemes) available on Chipper and Chipknip.

The loading procedures of the = schemes differ.=20 The loading procedure for the Chipknip must be performed by using = the=20 debit card pin code in separate loading devices, located at banks, = or by=20 using a personal home loading device. The loading of the Chipper = takes=20 place by using a Chipper code at either a phone cell or in a = personal home=20 loading device. The Chipper code must be different from the debit = card pin=20 code. This approach (which prevents a number of attacks on the = debit card=20 pin code) allows a multitude of private and public low-end loading = devices=20 to be used, including the KPN phone cells.

The total float of both schemes = amounted to=20 25.4 million Euro at the end of 1999. Based on the micro-economic=20 assumption that as a result of risk considerations, the e-purse of = an=20 active card holder will hold an average amount of 34 Euro, it can = be=20 calculated that in total 750,000 cards are actively used. This = would be=20 less than 5 per cent of the 20 million issued cards. As some = market=20 research indicated that quite a number of customers have only = initially=20 loaded their purse (without using it since), the real number of = active=20 cards may in fact lower. Reports from public libraries and = universities=20 indicate that the market share (in terms of frequency of use) of = Chipper=20 and Chipknip is 50 % each. This market share is the same as the = current=20 payments market share (in number of transactions) of Postbank vis = a vis=20 all its competitors.

Initially the core focus of the = two e-purse=20 schemes was different. Chipper (being a joint venture of the = Postbank and=20 KPN Telecom) mainly targeted the vending and coin segment = including of=20 course the phone cells (22,000 in total). Chipknip focused on the = current=20 POS terminal base (160,000 in total). Confusion in the market as = to the=20 benefits of investing in either one or the other scheme led to a = wait and=20 see approach on the side of retailers and cash acceptors. In = reaction to=20 this market sentiment Chipknip and Chipper signed in 1999 a formal = agreement stating their collective goal to make chip payments a = success=20 and to ensure that all terminals would be (made) interoperable.=20 Consequently collective efforts were set up to realize critical = mass in=20 the parking, vending and public transport segment. Also a = reduction of 100=20 % was given with respect to the monthly fee for accepting chip = payments=20 (meaning it would come back when reaching critical = mass).

It can be estimated that the = number of chip=20 card accepting terminals amounts to 155,000. Included are the = 20,000 KPN=20 phone cells, some 15,000 vending or chip-only terminals and = 120,000=20 upgraded point of sale terminals. In the evaluation of the = Chipknip trial=20 it became clear that the average chip-payment was 7.3 Euro. Recent = figures=20 show that the average payment is 0.81 Euro in vending machines, = 2.04 Euro=20 in the catering segment and 7.95 Euro in the POS terminal segment. = The=20 number of transactions is not disclosed however.

The general impression at the = National=20 Chipcard Conference, which was held in The Hague in November 2000, = was=20 that the collective approach of the Dutch banks to focus on = specific=20 target markets is a time-consuming but rewarding approach. E-purse = acceptance is quickly rising in the parking segment for example. = The=20 amount share of chip payment as a percentage of total cash = payments in=20 parking meters rose from 2.17 % for the period May until December = 1998, to=20 5.95 % in 1999, and to 7.48 % for the period January to August = 2000. This=20 is stimulated by a recent governmental decision to allow the = exclusion of=20 cash as the payment method for payment of public parking fees = (which in a=20 formal sense are a tax, which implies that cash payment is a = default=20 option to be provided). Given the considerable benefits, similar = decisions=20 are made by operators in closed environments (catering segment) = and=20 semi-closed environments (universities).

Apart from the above e-purse = development, the=20 most important development within the e-purse framework is the use = of the=20 Dutch chip card to identify and authenticate the holder in on-line = transactions. On this issue, each bank is following its own = multi-channel=20 strategy. The essence of this strategy is to provide the consumer = with a=20 chip card-reader which, in conjunction with the personal chip card = and=20 either telephone or PC or mobile phone, realizes proper = identification.=20 The latter way of using the chip card is bound to be the most = important=20 usage in ten years time; the current use of the chip card as an = e-purse at=20 the point will at that point in time be too expensive or = cumbersome in the=20 light of alternative mobile and infrared = technologies.

   

[info]
  • Bank for International = Settlements (BIS),=20 Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems: Survey of = electronic money=20 developments. Basle: BIS 2000 (available for download at = http://www.bis.org/publ/cpss38.htm)
  • Presentations at National = Chipcard=20 Conference the Hague, 7 & 8 November 2000 (see announcement = at=20 http://www.chipcardcongres.nl/)

[Back to Table = of=20 Contents]


------=_NextPart_000_001D_01C6DAAA.E7A12130 Content-Type: image/jpeg Content-Transfer-Encoding: base64 Content-Location: http://epso.jrc.es/images/fondo.jpg /9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAgEBLAEsAAD/7Qo4UGhvdG9zaG9wIDMuMAA4QklNA+0AAAAAABABLAAAAAEA AgEsAAAAAQACOEJJTQQNAAAAAAAEAAAAeDhCSU0D8wAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAAAOEJJTQQKAAAAAAAB AAA4QklNJxAAAAAAAAoAAQAAAAAAAAACOEJJTQP1AAAAAABIAC9mZgABAGxmZgAGAAAAAAABAC9m ZgABAKGZmgAGAAAAAAABADIAAAABAFoAAAAGAAAAAAABADUAAAABAC0AAAAGAAAAAAABOEJJTQP4 AAAAAABwAAD/////////////////////////////A+gAAAAA//////////////////////////// /wPoAAAAAP////////////////////////////8D6AAAAAD///////////////////////////// A+gAADhCSU0ECAAAAAAAEAAAAAEAAAJAAAACQAAAAAA4QklNBBQAAAAAAAQAAAAKOEJJTQQMAAAA AAioAAAAAQAAAHAAAABVAAABUAAAb5AAAAiMABgAAf/Y/+AAEEpGSUYAAQIBAEgASAAA//4AJkZp bGUgd3JpdHRlbiBieSBBZG9iZSBQaG90b3Nob3CoIDUuMv/uAA5BZG9iZQBkgAAAAAH/2wCEAAwI CAgJCAwJCQwRCwoLERUPDAwPFRgTExUTExgRDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwBDQsLDQ4NEA4OEBQODg4UFA4ODg4UEQwMDAwMEREMDAwMDAwRDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDP/AABEIAFUAcAMBIgACEQEDEQH/3QAEAAf/xAE/AAABBQEBAQEBAQAAAAAA AAADAAECBAUGBwgJCgsBAAEFAQEBAQEBAAAAAAAAAAEAAgMEBQYHCAkKCxAAAQQBAwIEAgUHBggF AwwzAQACEQMEIRIxBUFRYRMicYEyBhSRobFCIyQVUsFiMzRygtFDByWSU/Dh8WNzNRaisoMmRJNU ZEXCo3Q2F9JV4mXys4TD03Xj80YnlKSFtJXE1OT0pbXF1eX1VmZ2hpamtsbW5vY3R1dnd4eXp7fH 1+f3EQACAgECBAQDBAUGBwcGBTUBAAIRAyExEgRBUWFxIhMFMoGRFKGxQiPBUtHwMyRi4XKCkkNT FWNzNPElBhaisoMHJjXC0kSTVKMXZEVVNnRl4vKzhMPTdePzRpSkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaW prbG1ub2JzdHV2d3h5ent8f/2gAMAwEAAhEDEQA/APUCC5sDiIPIBHHITEEazuPYdj4H+S9OT7pi T4d9P/MkhHHYTHGvjG1JS0kSXHSPDX+1Ht7JTEmZE6j/AMi781OBpM6NOn4TuTDd+8TulvgfyfSS Uu0ECCdR37E+O2Umj5ToRHdRgEAGIIkNIgyPpaJyAfAujjyP+akpdx9s9vmUhBGoEcDjX4bfzUtN 26e3Hfz3JtZjUDkjw8G7vouSUotkiYjWBHM/yp+l9JOSOfHk/JMXt0aPb2bxz+7ykNeRrAkHQ6eP /fElLjygdgR2g/RhJw7D5JQGwNZMaz4dyogQ4TAPee5/N/76kpTgZAHPcdvy/S/lsTmd+rgRyOfH hKDIA9o5bHjOrT9JNq4a8HQDx/k8JKf/0PT3cRoSPotPcD/ekGuBM6mfiD9Ha937nCQADdBAmYPY kpaAzyW94+cfvbUlLkdydR+dMR/W2pi0me0ke09xDZn93+wnnt3IPn31TGIhwknQtdB5SUuDAJaS 4xP+oSGusk+GnE+SUHvqCTB4IBTHaZHPh3b938lJSziDBGscacHjcB9JLZJOgMjjw/kn9/dtUnND tHDy15Hm1NqTBkdiQNZB0dofzklK0iBqDG2dRI+ikSfpSNO2hiPpJ9T4bjo+OOExkx+bPcidNOf3 tySlA8NZoAYntPz/AMxP7W6DSTG3tp+bwmIaQdNDIdxwfpf2v31LRuvLj+Os6JKYDVpBjwjgEH93 X85ifbBJ7mNx0P8AZP0fo/vJF20e7yAHP3fR+k1IAN45aY4nTw/stSU//9H1DiIGsQADEj708g6c jTz514Ta8NOoPj4+KiWiB+aNJ8RBluuv0XJKX9gl2gLhJI4PxH8lMYIl3uaRqORB7fup4mXkEEwS 0HUEf2tidoAGhjb4AAHSOySlhu1nQ9o4j83mEpkRwDwD38nbktzdsA7vhrofbwE5ky0EeEjkeCSl EtAkkQe8dkzTrBEdj8ezm/1pSG6Z7n4gEc/5yR4mN0gxB5/O5/lJKUB+cRrHMdhP0XBOIBIiDqSZ 8D9L+0kRpqN3gE3OvM8GTof+qakpfTueef8AzJIagCD8RHInw+CZwcSRPMzMxEeScmJkT5f3fvJK WLNwO4AzoRyCPgZSBH0uZBOoI4O7VO4gD3EEk/AHwb7v5Ki2I1kuGoJgOkf9+SU//9L08nsJnz8/ zZ/P9yRaBBEzp5wPgkBEhsAA6x89P638pOTrI5nQHTWJ0/spKWPu7kaTB7EQ5u7X8xKAR/J0LY8/ BKByOG8RM6f+Yp4BbIIDT3b+UJKVxqQSR89fBNoXDUGTPYgDt+T/AD05J4GjwA4gajlLmBHm3iY0 On9VJSj2mPADkkwkJEmAJM6aHt7vcmDZcXRqYgnTiY/6r9xPI4MQ46AkfNJS233Enk6ExBj/ADk8 HkgSJkxrH/nKQM7QfpRr8vaf+qTEBw5G3wMSCP8AOSUrWQ0xJkgHiP5KQI5jyJEf2dUjIcTEBxGv gf5WoS1OgbpxpBHO0t90JKVpP8p3EaE/f+4nJJjudI+Py+ikJHef3v8AenPtExrqQO/3/wCckp// 0/Tw7bp9LsDp5+x0fyUj7dCZjsNCeY/dS1B158T/AH6p3HiTAnXUeH0TP7ySlHwOsa9+3yTgR5nx 45KiBtaBH0fzfw0/qJwDEO93Y/d/5FJShHOsDtHedZCYy4A8NOvbyI9zT+aniTMSdOR2B/6pIDiD 8iODru4/eSUx7xwCdeDB/ebypSXHyn3ciCFH+W0gQIG0y3+20KQPhoeD3PxlJSoBMnw/LH/kUhMA nkxIBPgmMCAPH2iRzrO385JxgdhPc6f3JKUXDcG6BziR27au9p2/mp47xJHl2/d5SOhM9+CT3CaP cTBM8DT5/wCf/KSUqPzjyJieI/lf+ZJO2kQR4kgzyQZT7YAnjQGPH/vqQM95j6X46JKf/9T1DsI+ j2/1cm1893bx5/O2+xfLaSSn6md94nSND8v7SgJ2d578bon2/wA0vlxJJT9SCNx4Lp76CdP63uS7 jvrpwD/J+l/JXy2kkp+pT9L3AfGUzu+4aQdDx+PvXy2kkp+pRO4zJPnMcj+ykJ/OmY90x494Xy0k kp+pdZO35xz80w5PH4c/2fcvltJJT9Sabnf1tZ/77t/NSMbREzt0nmJHPqe7+svltJJT/9k4QklN BAYAAAAAAAcAAQAAAAEBAP/iDFhJQ0NfUFJPRklMRQABAQAADEhMaW5vAhAAAG1udHJSR0IgWFla IAfOAAIACQAGADEAAGFjc3BNU0ZUAAAAAElFQyBzUkdCAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAD21gABAAAAANMt SFAgIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEWNwcnQA AAFQAAAAM2Rlc2MAAAGEAAAAbHd0cHQAAAHwAAAAFGJrcHQAAAIEAAAAFHJYWVoAAAIYAAAAFGdY WVoAAAIsAAAAFGJYWVoAAAJAAAAAFGRtbmQAAAJUAAAAcGRtZGQAAALEAAAAiHZ1ZWQAAANMAAAA hnZpZXcAAAPUAAAAJGx1bWkAAAP4AAAAFG1lYXMAAAQMAAAAJHRlY2gAAAQwAAAADHJUUkMAAAQ8 AAAIDGdUUkMAAAQ8AAAIDGJUUkMAAAQ8AAAIDHRleHQAAAAAQ29weXJpZ2h0IChjKSAxOTk4IEhl d2xldHQtUGFja2FyZCBDb21wYW55AABkZXNjAAAAAAAAABJzUkdCIElFQzYxOTY2LTIuMQAAAAAA AAAAAAAAEnNSR0IgSUVDNjE5NjYtMi4xAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABYWVogAAAAAAAA81EAAQAAAAEWzFhZWiAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA WFlaIAAAAAAAAG+iAAA49QAAA5BYWVogAAAAAAAAYpkAALeFAAAY2lhZWiAAAAAAAAAkoAAAD4QA ALbPZGVzYwAAAAAAAAAWSUVDIGh0dHA6Ly93d3cuaWVjLmNoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAWSUVDIGh0dHA6 Ly93d3cuaWVjLmNoAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AGRlc2MAAAAAAAAALklFQyA2MTk2Ni0yLjEgRGVmYXVsdCBSR0IgY29sb3VyIHNwYWNlIC0gc1JH QgAAAAAAAAAAAAAALklFQyA2MTk2Ni0yLjEgRGVmYXVsdCBSR0IgY29sb3VyIHNwYWNlIC0gc1JH QgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABkZXNjAAAAAAAAACxSZWZlcmVuY2UgVmlld2luZyBDb25k aXRpb24gaW4gSUVDNjE5NjYtMi4xAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAsUmVmZXJlbmNlIFZpZXdpbmcgQ29uZGl0 aW9uIGluIElFQzYxOTY2LTIuMQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAdmlldwAAAAAAE6T+ ABRfLgAQzxQAA+3MAAQTCwADXJ4AAAABWFlaIAAAAAAATAlWAFAAAABXH+dtZWFzAAAAAAAAAAEA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACjwAAAAJzaWcgAAAAAENSVCBjdXJ2AAAAAAAABAAAAAAFAAoADwAU ABkAHgAjACgALQAyADcAOwBAAEUASgBPAFQAWQBeAGMAaABtAHIAdwB8AIEAhgCLAJAAlQCaAJ8A pACpAK4AsgC3ALwAwQDGAMsA0ADVANsA4ADlAOsA8AD2APsBAQEHAQ0BEwEZAR8BJQErATIBOAE+ AUUBTAFSAVkBYAFnAW4BdQF8AYMBiwGSAZoBoQGpAbEBuQHBAckB0QHZAeEB6QHyAfoCAwIMAhQC HQImAi8COAJBAksCVAJdAmcCcQJ6AoQCjgKYAqICrAK2AsECywLVAuAC6wL1AwADCwMWAyEDLQM4 A0MDTwNaA2YDcgN+A4oDlgOiA64DugPHA9MD4APsA/kEBgQTBCAELQQ7BEgEVQRjBHEEfgSMBJoE qAS2BMQE0wThBPAE/gUNBRwFKwU6BUkFWAVnBXcFhgWWBaYFtQXFBdUF5QX2BgYGFgYnBjcGSAZZ BmoGewaMBp0GrwbABtEG4wb1BwcHGQcrBz0HTwdhB3QHhgeZB6wHvwfSB+UH+AgLCB8IMghGCFoI bgiCCJYIqgi+CNII5wj7CRAJJQk6CU8JZAl5CY8JpAm6Cc8J5Qn7ChEKJwo9ClQKagqBCpgKrgrF CtwK8wsLCyILOQtRC2kLgAuYC7ALyAvhC/kMEgwqDEMMXAx1DI4MpwzADNkM8w0NDSYNQA1aDXQN jg2pDcMN3g34DhMOLg5JDmQOfw6bDrYO0g7uDwkPJQ9BD14Peg+WD7MPzw/sEAkQJhBDEGEQfhCb ELkQ1xD1ERMRMRFPEW0RjBGqEckR6BIHEiYSRRJkEoQSoxLDEuMTAxMjE0MTYxODE6QTxRPlFAYU JxRJFGoUixStFM4U8BUSFTQVVhV4FZsVvRXgFgMWJhZJFmwWjxayFtYW+hcdF0EXZReJF64X0hf3 GBsYQBhlGIoYrxjVGPoZIBlFGWsZkRm3Gd0aBBoqGlEadxqeGsUa7BsUGzsbYxuKG7Ib2hwCHCoc Uhx7HKMczBz1HR4dRx1wHZkdwx3sHhYeQB5qHpQevh7pHxMfPh9pH5Qfvx/qIBUgQSBsIJggxCDw IRwhSCF1IaEhziH7IiciVSKCIq8i3SMKIzgjZiOUI8Ij8CQfJE0kfCSrJNolCSU4JWgllyXHJfcm JyZXJocmtyboJxgnSSd6J6sn3CgNKD8ocSiiKNQpBik4KWspnSnQKgIqNSpoKpsqzysCKzYraSud K9EsBSw5LG4soizXLQwtQS12Last4S4WLkwugi63Lu4vJC9aL5Evxy/+MDUwbDCkMNsxEjFKMYIx ujHyMioyYzKbMtQzDTNGM38zuDPxNCs0ZTSeNNg1EzVNNYc1wjX9Njc2cjauNuk3JDdgN5w31zgU OFA4jDjIOQU5Qjl/Obw5+To2OnQ6sjrvOy07azuqO+g8JzxlPKQ84z0iPWE9oT3gPiA+YD6gPuA/ IT9hP6I/4kAjQGRApkDnQSlBakGsQe5CMEJyQrVC90M6Q31DwEQDREdEikTORRJFVUWaRd5GIkZn RqtG8Ec1R3tHwEgFSEtIkUjXSR1JY0mpSfBKN0p9SsRLDEtTS5pL4kwqTHJMuk0CTUpNk03cTiVO bk63TwBPSU+TT91QJ1BxULtRBlFQUZtR5lIxUnxSx1MTU19TqlP2VEJUj1TbVShVdVXCVg9WXFap VvdXRFeSV+BYL1h9WMtZGllpWbhaB1pWWqZa9VtFW5Vb5Vw1XIZc1l0nXXhdyV4aXmxevV8PX2Ff s2AFYFdgqmD8YU9homH1YklinGLwY0Njl2PrZEBklGTpZT1lkmXnZj1mkmboZz1nk2fpaD9olmjs aUNpmmnxakhqn2r3a09rp2v/bFdsr20IbWBtuW4SbmtuxG8eb3hv0XArcIZw4HE6cZVx8HJLcqZz AXNdc7h0FHRwdMx1KHWFdeF2Pnabdvh3VnezeBF4bnjMeSp5iXnnekZ6pXsEe2N7wnwhfIF84X1B faF+AX5ifsJ/I3+Ef+WAR4CogQqBa4HNgjCCkoL0g1eDuoQdhICE44VHhauGDoZyhteHO4efiASI aYjOiTOJmYn+imSKyoswi5aL/IxjjMqNMY2Yjf+OZo7OjzaPnpAGkG6Q1pE/kaiSEZJ6kuOTTZO2 lCCUipT0lV+VyZY0lp+XCpd1l+CYTJi4mSSZkJn8mmia1ZtCm6+cHJyJnPedZJ3SnkCerp8dn4uf +qBpoNihR6G2oiailqMGo3aj5qRWpMelOKWpphqmi6b9p26n4KhSqMSpN6mpqhyqj6sCq3Wr6axc rNCtRK24ri2uoa8Wr4uwALB1sOqxYLHWskuywrM4s660JbSctRO1irYBtnm28Ldot+C4WbjRuUq5 wro7urW7LrunvCG8m70VvY++Cr6Evv+/er/1wHDA7MFnwePCX8Lbw1jD1MRRxM7FS8XIxkbGw8dB x7/IPci8yTrJuco4yrfLNsu2zDXMtc01zbXONs62zzfPuNA50LrRPNG+0j/SwdNE08bUSdTL1U7V 0dZV1tjXXNfg2GTY6Nls2fHadtr724DcBdyK3RDdlt4c3qLfKd+v4DbgveFE4cziU+Lb42Pj6+Rz 5PzlhOYN5pbnH+ep6DLovOlG6dDqW+rl63Dr++yG7RHtnO4o7rTvQO/M8Fjw5fFy8f/yjPMZ86f0 NPTC9VD13vZt9vv3ivgZ+Kj5OPnH+lf65/t3/Af8mP0p/br+S/7c/23////+ACZGaWxlIHdyaXR0 ZW4gYnkgQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wqCA1LjL/7gAOQWRvYmUAZIAAAAAB/9sAhAAMCAgICQgMCQkM EQsKCxEVDwwMDxUYExMVExMYEQwMDAwMDBEMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMAQ0L Cw0ODRAODhAUDg4OFBQODg4OFBEMDAwMDBERDAwMDAwMEQwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwMDAwM DAwMDAz/wAARCAB0AJkDASIAAhEBAxEB/90ABAAK/8QBPwAAAQUBAQEBAQEAAAAAAAAAAwABAgQF BgcICQoLAQABBQEBAQEBAQAAAAAAAAABAAIDBAUGBwgJCgsQAAEEAQMCBAIFBwYIBQMMMwEAAhED BCESMQVBUWETInGBMgYUkaGxQiMkFVLBYjM0coLRQwclklPw4fFjczUWorKDJkSTVGRFwqN0NhfS VeJl8rOEw9N14/NGJ5SkhbSVxNTk9KW1xdXl9VZmdoaWprbG1ub2N0dXZ3eHl6e3x9fn9xEAAgIB AgQEAwQFBgcHBgU1AQACEQMhMRIEQVFhcSITBTKBkRShsUIjwVLR8DMkYuFygpJDUxVjczTxJQYW orKDByY1wtJEk1SjF2RFVTZ0ZeLys4TD03Xj80aUpIW0lcTU5PSltcXV5fVWZnaGlqa2xtbm9ic3 R1dnd4eXp7fH/9oADAMBAAIRAxEAPwD1GTHtOonTzCYTJOoaTJ/kwP8ANTmARGsHvryEuDrxppE/ ikpbVsB309BvI+lA8k4DiSIjiDyPHyd3TAR9HUEwR98+0lLQgaSIBkcD4JKUN3LeY1b277UxgnXQ AmT4HSP3fpJHaPE7faZGvHwTnQmJA5M6yO6SlEkDdofj/wBJuidrdpgceH+oS90wDoNCDJ/15TeA 0APjIMkpKZAaifDUKPEOIjjXkT9GEpdAOgLvHgkhKAPeJE/S4nQ/Dd7UlLw06xA7+Hi0qJa4wNrT B1kngjn6P7yluBMNPzGoHGh/OSIkTEujkcpKUAA3yGuuvm5NE8CSOB3HzKRIMkGBImePCEiCTqPA RoYnw3DySUvrJ2yCDJHkk4dux4Ejv29yQ3ADcNRoSIjhRJM9iPDudp2n2pKXaD5T4jQ/yfYmaff2 JB+kIBJ19jx/ZUuw3Rt+BHHCWoJEEkcEif8ApJKY+6PcJIiQDIIPyb9FEh3iPu/2obgCDEyRAMHu PaeEvUu/db/n/wDmCSn/0PUJ0J+k0gDTiEiY5cQJ5OkEH/vycxJa46GOfPTbqojeTuHYgHnVsh25 JTP3T5j8n9ZRloBBgEyIPidY1SDIG1swORqD38Nqd0xB1B76/wC1JSxgkyASQY8Y8D/nJTrJMAaP BkjUbkiC4weIdPYzI+iUgIHukwDEyTE8OmUlK2jaW7Bp20/6KcmCR56Ecz/qUjoBodvgI7pNgHQl 0aTJP4JKUAQC2N3h281EOafcD46cH+qWlOS0gsBnynXU/wApLdLiCSOxHHP0XNKSmJdAe48jQxOk atd/JTkPBLhrr9HTg/nfQTtmAJkDh0zI/lJHbzwOCfCBvSUpsuAdzuAkH/YE4c0au0Jjn/akQ53t J0M6jQx8k26DO7TxmdB+ckplBJETH3iFEQfaPon806az2/le1KdxB+jMa8GQdW6pyW6k6EaHUxyk pY7fzhtnkGO48UtWtDRoQYaOP5TfopExBk7R9LWdDO137ych3HI4iP7v5KSlm7Zhonb2PLQVH0mf vH8f71KOI3QNsGZPPiVLa798/cP7klP/0fUGtIBHLSTp2hyUgjiY5nWSB/1ScNgD2+UCNJ1/zUxE j3T84PGqSlQGiOBoBMn8Sn8dOfpBIN19umhEfA/uqMOJh4iRGhkf99c1JS/LdYIj4eW3lJ0jVoLi DqDr2/6PtSJjUaEQZHHu552phMu4In2xPgPzdUlLgD6LY07ajQn3J4J03SDyDoRPgQkXA6g88Cf+ p3JjES4gTye3lu1SUuJ2zrpzOp05/ImaA2Np/RkQNTp2EfenBnw3DwKRE6EAzB/IkpXuOokEGDMa jlMIj1BO0idsT+H0koH0uDrJ79+Ux3bj37kGJH/R+ikploT2JmYHlrITAbgQ73M2xunmfpNP3JyO 5EidZ5Gg+ilx7eCRpOvj5pKURoRMFwgGf83/AKpKDMnSDI+ERCXiNAfPiY5SBJEgga8jUcJKVoDt BAke0HyKbbIkDa7bIIHdIHSY17xGhH53Kjw4O0Ag6GZEfuae9qSlxoA+PpakDxI+Pkp+nV+637go tmDHxHh/mzual6DfP/OKSn//0vUIH3kSPu4+ikSWhwJMgTI0/wCi4/yU4bEjsIgT2TAcA8gQHEc6 f9UkpRM7u4EHx5PKW4/md5jiJb+b+alqDvIlwEQ3uP6su+ikWjWRIJ3CAZkJKWBBA26EEiCdRrt/ 76nLS7TVsGWwf9dzU4jiSY1110PilEQBJAAiDr+VJSiT4gE8Tx5JcGRrOpHgCO3+ankbw2YJ7EeC Y7oAdrxII8fgkpQ8O447TOvdM4Ogho2uH0TpEnxTfRbtdBaBp8tf5W5S2nggHjjw+BSUoEbjpo46 gjyUYhsnw0JgHTWOEjABkSAZMA8fR/6KmBGp1E6eXZJTEae4caggd4n934JxO0TLtBP+7+Uo/SHG vJ5BBOngnAmCNNCD2Mz5JKXmO0N7cfwTGTMHidCOR/qUwE6N2gOBlvGph30VKdY4Pge/wSUoiTJP 0fD/AKUpOJEAanwPfx0S1ceNASC0hM+C2fdDhqR2/lJKWlu4cDcC3nuNNqjN/wDo3f54ROefIgjv CHub+7b/ANJJT//T9QjWSII79oJSBcRLTrGncTH/AEtyTQdBq0CRBiCBKeYHn357D5pKUB7jyeYJ E6Hkbkx3EwARw4eGh9zUi3k6/SE+cR7kpjV3fQkTyJ5hJSwLexncJaJ7jsJKfbuMEBx7OInTwKcb h9LnXUd+6YQT2kGD35SUu1sCPiQPjqm0gmCATIiQdYn2/vJaEQ3sJDe2kETy5J0mDoW8tM99e6Sl 5AnWe/aUxgNkuI26h3MCD4hOTGu0u1gx5nbP9lR83cjQjQSOPzklMhM+LhoZMfgEx1du939UidOP 3UtIDtCBqCD4JyI5mOeTPKSlGCdSZ7HUaf6lNu0Jk+cgeX7sqXx+GvdR9rnbY4HGnHH8pySlydYd LSZHIISiYOpHfXnQ/mpmzzHtdGnn9GZlICfpNjdG4ce7ySUu6GiDoJGo8AmDYO7aCZgkCDH7yYEN kcDsAdDO4+06e5OR4w467SNPhqkpY7dY0I7A9iP5JH7qnvb4j70tSQQTzOnh5yo+kz938ElP/9T1 A7SSOx5BJ1kfmpydI5g6g86lNu2/SMtPBjj+snJce08iD4j/AMkkpbb7jEiNOOxjbHH0U5PJ7uBA k6E/eokgGJlx+iCY4j2zqpOBhwMx4aa/gkpUgk9jwfiPuT/ncweI8U0SXB3c9vMfnJyQYnns086J KYyXNDxIPMHt+9p7U/kXcg7THbznckCANxknuB/0vaPcmJMhpIjUOBkSP5KSlFskaAQfnPjLSPBO OJDj2BA1+aiZBHO4d4Jkee0bU7TPumAYBadIISUvJ+iTpBEwU3YNGn5vHklEnYRESQfltHf+sn5O 7SAZn+ykpYwZB+ifAE6xPgn1A5Jjx/vITRJLY9oI/JHin1HaSPPkfMpKY7QI4LCTIjUSfinG4wAd AYIImRH5sfFImHQJB+BiJ8R7UvadDB1EeI+O1JSh7RJPu4+Y/tOTjQ6HQmQOyaTzweD8f7QT6N44 Jkgnx5KSlzA0110n4iVX9Wz99n4/+RRyA3bHDdfkBCB6NH+j/wCkP/JJKf/V9P0J1Ih35s6OB3eX 7qlEgiOeR34SADhpxPGvY/ykw0bMawJHySUozJgxqIJMhwSAGgDYkDt2M+xyQDTLeW6mJP8A1Kcx EO4MffPmkpaZEdhIdrx8k/8AWHOvHB+SWsDkyIOnj3P3Ji5oG4HQfSDdf+pSUogmN0F0du/GrClJ jb3A1Mcj+z+ckACNZMcuHePMHcnl0jQkg9vl+8kpYj2+07idWtcYnXclLXS06E6meROo+knIM6tB E8jnjnX/AMkokEgydI7mNNeeUlMhEbeSNDxOuvklr3Bn97TiUjumXajx0Pz7KLomNC6fokx33pKZ TwTp3+5MC0Et5I5bp8W6Q1PG3ifMclNr31EfSB54/qJKWa2PcTBb7SJJEfS/zk5JkN+YMSNPpBPr JI0nkGOw57poJmARPJHHGn+bCSlalxAiSAe09++u5OeZHYkR5lKQBrruPfxP9ZMXNH0tG6HWRGo/ spKXAa3WANfhyIUNjv3j94Uhu1n6UaEajT5fylKXfuH8P/JJKf/W9Rd35j589kx2yJj1P5PMxqvl pJJT9TH6TZmY+f8A0falrptmJ926eNfFfLKSSn6kb6Pu9OI77eZS8N879Pozx/K2r5bSSU/U4mRH Gu5QEbWxG3SN/wAfzZ9y+W0klP1I7fHsiJ0nwgqWv5scifDn3L5ZSSU/UmkH0485457qTf5M8mP4 r5ZSSU/Untk7onaJ+87VIT25gffK+WUklP1IJjXbMaz8Bz/ZSMSJ2z2jmZ0Xy2kkp+pjH50fS9sz z2SH8ndMd90T818spJKfqZ/p6+pERrP8f+ihfrP8lfLySSn/2Q== ------=_NextPart_000_001D_01C6DAAA.E7A12130--